Aufstellung eines Bataillons mit Deployir - Intervallen

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  • Harper
    Erfahrener Benutzer
    Sergent-Major
    • 12.07.2012
    • 180

    Aufstellung eines Bataillons mit Deployir - Intervallen

    Im Zusammenhang mit der Aufstellung eines ( britischen ) Bataillons mit seinen 10 Kompanien bin ich über folgende Formulierung gestolpert :
    "Die Kompanien standen in Bataillons - Kolonne mit Intervallen zum Deployiren".
    Hierzu die Frage, in welchem Abstand die einzelnen Kompanien ( zweigliedrig ) hintereinander bei dieser Aufstellung standen ? Oder anders gefragt - welchen Platz erforderte das Deployiren ?
    Vielleicht kann da jemand helfen.
    Zuletzt geändert von Harper; 12.05.2014, 22:08.
  • corporal
    Erfahrener Benutzer
    Tambour-Major
    • 25.04.2007
    • 306

    #2
    Aus der Kolonne gab es grundsätzlich zwei Möglichkeiten, um zur Linienformation zu gelangen:
    Das Schwenken der Untereinheiten, da entstand die Linie im rechten Winkel zur Kolonnenfront.
    Das Deployieren (schräger Frontmarsch, nach k.k.-Terminologie "ziehen"), die Linie hat die selbe Front wie die Kolonne.
    Bei beiden Formationswechseln braucht es einen Tiefenabstand zwischen den Untereinheiten, der der Frontbreite der Untereinheit der Kolonne entspricht.

    Kommentar

    • Tellensohn
      Erfahrener Benutzer
      Chef de Bataillon
      • 16.02.2011
      • 1253

      #3
      Battalion in Kolonne - Abstand der Kompanien (zweigliedrig):

      "With a company frontage of approximately 20 yards (18,25m), the distance between companies would be 20 yards; in 'half distance' column, 10 yards (9m), and at 'quarter distance', 5 yards (4,5m). When in 'close column' the companies were only one pace apart. Dundas implies that half- or quarter distance column was the preferred formation,...He stated that when halted, prior to deploying into line, a close column would have a frontage of two companies and a depth of five..."

      Laut "British Napoleonic Infantry Tactics 1792-1815" (Osprey Elite 164), S.13f.
      Zuletzt geändert von Tellensohn; 13.05.2014, 09:45.

      Kommentar

      • Harper
        Erfahrener Benutzer
        Sergent-Major
        • 12.07.2012
        • 180

        #4
        Hallo Corporal und Tellensohn !

        Meinen Dank für die Erklärungen / Hinweise. Damit ist die Aufstellung klar.

        Grüße, Harper

        Kommentar

        • HKDW
          Erfahrener Benutzer
          Colonel
          • 02.10.2006
          • 2962

          #5
          Hier ein paar Zitate die ich kopiert habe

          Quarter distance columns were the preferred method of manouevring on the battlefield by British troops as shown by this selection of memoirs:
          A Boy in the Peninsular War – Robert Blakeney.
          P56 – Retreat to Corunna - “The square was immediately reduced, formed in columns at quarter distance and retired”
          P186 – Barossa – “Forming column of quarter distance we proceeded quickly down the hill towards the pine forest”
          The Vicissitudes of a Soldier’s Life – John Green.
          P100 – Salamanca – “We formed column of quarter distance”
          Peninsular Sketches – Maxwell – Vol I.
          P277 - Badajoz – the 52nd, 43rd and 95th closed up …to columns of quarter distance.”
          P278 - Badajoz – The Third Division moved forward … in columns at quarter distance”.
          P321 – Salamanca – Our Division was …in column of quarter distance, with fixed bayonets ready to form square.”
          P345 – Salamanca – We moved in open column…then closed to column of quarter distance.
          Peninsular Sketches – Maxwell – Vol II.
          P21 – March to Madrid – Fortunately the road continued very wide, which enabled us to march in column of quarter distance with screwed bayonets and ready to form square.”
          P324 – Albuera – It has been understood that Colonel Colburn wished to move to the attack with the two flank regiments in quarter distance columns.”
          P324 – Our Brigade came up…we closed up into quarter distance columns…and deployed.
          Soldier’s Glory – Sir George Bell.
          P55 – Salamanca confrontation - My Regiment was formed in quarter distance column on the brest of the hill, ready for action.”
          Waterloo Letters – Siborne.
          P275 – Letter 120 - Maj Gen Adam – “The 3rd Brigade.. formed by Battalions in columns of companies at quarter distance”.
          P288 – Letter 124 – Lt Gawler – “The 52nd halted in close or quarter distance column of wings”.
          P343 – Letter 147 – Capt Garland (73rd) – “During the early part of the day, before we formed square, we were in column of quarter distance”
          P373 – Letter 163 – Maj MacDonald (1st Foot) – Quarte Bras - “the 3rd Battalion Royal Scots…formed in column at quarter distance”
          P396 – Letter 174 – Lt Drewe (27th) – “We formed column of companies at quarter distance”
          In the History of the Waterloo Campaign Siborne describes the initial layout of Wellington's Army on pages 204-216 and almost every battalion in the front line is stated as being in quarter distance column.
          I rest my case
          Rod
          Howie,
          But that is exactly the point. The normal drill was to halt the column and then form line, but Gratton clearly describes that Wallace's Brigade did not do so. To repeat the passage in full:
          "Wallace’s three regiments advanced in open column until within two hundred and fifty yards of the ridge held by the French infantry. The calm but stern advance of Wallace’s brigade was received with beating of drums and loud cheers from the French, whose light troops, hoping to take advantage of the time which the deploying from column to line would take, ran down the face of the hill in a state of great excitement; but Pakenham, who was naturally of a boiling spirit and hasty temper, was on this day perfectly cool. He told Wallace to form line from open column without halting, and thus the different companies, by throwing forward their right shoulders, were in line without the slow manoeuvre of a deployment".
          It is clear to me that Wallace's Brigade was advancing TOWARDS the enemy, not parallel to them. It is also clear to me that they formed line without halting. It is finally entirely clear to me that conversion from column to line was by an oblique march of companies in each battalion column (as described in Section 129 of the 1792 Regulations - When the open column forms in line by the eventail movement). The full text of this section makes it entirely clear that this conversion was performed on the march.
          I would agree that it is not clear whether Wallace's Brigade were in full distance or quarter distance columns. I personally feel that normal British practice would have been to be in full distance for the approach march then close to quarter distance as they drew near to the enemy, thus protecting themselves against any cavalry threat.
          I also feel that the original "non-tactical" approach march was made with each Brigade in a single full distance column, parallel to the enemy but out of sight of them. As they reached the desired position for the attack I think that the individual battalions in Wallace's Brigade wheeled 90 degrees into a parallel line of battalions, then closed to quarter distance, advanced to 250 yards of the enemy on the crest of the ridge, then deployed into line to their front by the eventail movement using a simultaneous oblique march of the rear companies on the leading company of each battalion. This would reconcile Campbell's and Grattan's accounts and nothing else makes tactical sense.
          Rod
          The reason it is called an open column is because the British 1792 Regulations has two main sections about columns, open columns and closed columns. All of the references to half and quarter distance columns are as sub-sets of open columns. In British terminology an open column just means one which is not closed, so you can have open columns at full distance, open columns at half distance and open columns at quarter distance as described by Moyle Sherer of 34th Foot in his "Recollections of the Peninsula" – P159 – Albuera - We formed in open column of companies at half distance”
          One of the key differences is that close columns can only form solid (and relatively immobile) squares, whereas all distances of open column formed hollow squares, which were fully mobile (by wheeling up the flanks as per the British Regulations). Quarter distance columns formed 2 rank companies into 4 rank squares whereas full distance and half distance columns had to close to quarter distance before forming square in the British system.
          Many of the authors of memoirs of the era did not bother to spell out in full the detailed tactics that they were describing and were often inconsistent in their terminology.
          Rod

          Kommentar

          • Harper
            Erfahrener Benutzer
            Sergent-Major
            • 12.07.2012
            • 180

            #6
            Danke für die Ergänzung bzw Mühe HKDW !

            Grüße, Harper
            Zuletzt geändert von Harper; 15.05.2014, 08:13.

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